Consultancy˅

Metallurgy:˅

·  Failure analysis

·  Corrosion

·  Cathodic protection

·  Material selection

Metallurgy of Steel: ˅

·  Furnaces

·  Melting materials

·  Scrap sorting

·  Melting

·  Foam slag

·  De - slagging

·  Additives and alloying

·  Pouring Temperature and Control

Secondary Metallurgy:˅

·  degassing,

·  deoxidation,

·  decarburization,

·  desulphurization,

·  dephosphorization,

·  alloying,

·  partial removing of undesirable non – metallics,

·  modification of retained non – metallics,

·  attainment of thermal and chemical homogeneity in the steel,

·  inclusion morphology control: oxides and sulfides

·  vacuum degassing and vacuum oxygen decarburization processes.

·  Continuous Casting of Steel:

·  Temperature control

·  Ladle preparation

·  Tundish preparation

·  Mould preparation

·  Cooling water

·  Casting

·  Metallurgical length

·  Solidification & cooling

Heat Treatment of Steel:˅

·  Stress relief

·  Annealing

·  Normalizing

·  Hardening

·  Case hardening

·  Tempering

Metallurgy of Cast Iron:˅

·  White Cast Iron

·  Gray Cast Iron

·  Malleable Cast Iron

·  Ductile Cast Iron

·  Vermicular Cast Iron

·  Alloyed Cast Irons

Casting & Casting Design:˅

·  Ingot or sand casting,

·  Design of castings,

·  Types of ingots, ingot coatings, top and bottom pouring,

·  Sand casting,

·  Gating, risering& feeding system,

·  Types of sand,

·  Sand binders,

·  Sand coatings,

·  Fettling,            

·  Core making

Metallurgy of Ductile Iron:˅

·  Materials and selection

·  Melting

·  Desulfurization

·  Spheroidization treatment

·  Inoculation

·  Casting and solidification

Technology of Ductile Iron Pipe Production˅

·  Centrifugal casting,

·  Casting machines,

·  Types of molds,

·  Mold design, preparation and maintenance,

·  Spinning speed and linear speed,

·  De Lavaud process

-    Heat Treatment of Ductile Iron Pipes (Graphitization Annealing)_˅

·  Full annealing (softening)

·  Sub -critical ferritizing

·  Carbide breakdown

·  Pearlite breakdown

-   Internal Coatings for Pipes˅

·  Epoxy

·  Cement

-   External Coating˅

·  Zinc coating

·  Bituminous coating

-   Quality and Quality Assurance:˅

·  Management of the quality system,

·  Product quality and reliability development,

·  Product and process quality planning,

·  Supplier quality assurance,

·  Product and process quality evaluation and control,

·  Quality studies,

·  Quality information feedback,

·  Quality measurement equipment,

·  Quality training and manpower development,

·  Field quality evaluation and control,

·  Quality Control,

·  Inspection and test,

·  Total quality management,

·  Statistical quality control,

·  Laboratory and accreditation.

-   Trouble Shooting & Casting Defects:˅

·  Defects diagnosis

·  Causes

·  Remedy